2, 3 Also, studies conducted between the 1960s and the present have found differences in birth weight based on race and ethnicity. 1īirth weight variability has been studied extensively due to the association between low birth weight and increased risk of morbidity and mortality both in the neonatal period and adulthood. Birth weight is the most commonly used measure of body size. It also reflects the quality of the intrauterine environment and can be used as a predictor of future growth and development. Since the body size of newborns (NBs) is associated with survival in the first months of life, it is a determinant of evolutionary success at both the individual and population levels. Before individuals reach reproductive age, birth and the neonatal period are the points in time when the risk of mortality is highest.